(2019年2月23日)
新華(hua)社北(bei)京2月23日電 近日,中(zhong)共中(zhong)央、國務院印發了《中(zhong)國教育現代化2035》,并(bing)發出(chu)通知,要求(qiu)各地(di)區(qu)各部(bu)門(men)結(jie)合實際認(ren)真貫徹落實。
《中國教(jiao)育現代化2035》分為(wei)五個部分:一、戰略背景;二、總體(ti)思路;三、戰略任務;四、實施路徑;五、保障措施。
《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)2035》提(ti)出(chu)推(tui)進教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)的指導(dao)(dao)思(si)想是(shi):以習(xi)近平新時代(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特色社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)思(si)想為(wei)指導(dao)(dao),全(quan)面貫徹黨的十(shi)九大(da)和(he)十(shi)九屆二中(zhong)(zhong)、三(san)中(zhong)(zhong)全(quan)會精神,堅(jian)(jian)定(ding)實施科教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)興國(guo)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)才強(qiang)國(guo)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve),緊(jin)緊(jin)圍(wei)繞統籌(chou)推(tui)進“五(wu)位(wei)一(yi)體(ti)”總體(ti)布(bu)局和(he)協(xie)調推(tui)進“四個全(quan)面”戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)布(bu)局,堅(jian)(jian)定(ding)“四個自信”,在(zai)黨的堅(jian)(jian)強(qiang)領(ling)導(dao)(dao)下(xia),全(quan)面貫徹黨的教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)方(fang)針,堅(jian)(jian)持馬克思(si)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)指導(dao)(dao)地位(wei),堅(jian)(jian)持中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特色社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)道路,堅(jian)(jian)持社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)辦(ban)學方(fang)向,立足基(ji)本國(guo)情(qing),遵循教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)規(gui)律(lv),堅(jian)(jian)持改(gai)革(ge)創新,以凝聚人(ren)(ren)(ren)心、完(wan)善人(ren)(ren)(ren)格、開(kai)發(fa)人(ren)(ren)(ren)力(li)、培育(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才、造福人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)為(wei)工作目標,培養德智體(ti)美勞全(quan)面發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)建設者和(he)接班人(ren)(ren)(ren),加快(kuai)推(tui)進教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)、建設教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)強(qiang)國(guo)、辦(ban)好人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)滿(man)意的教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)。將服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)族(zu)偉大(da)復興作為(wei)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的重要使命,堅(jian)(jian)持教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)為(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)、為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)共產黨治國(guo)理政(zheng)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)、為(wei)鞏固和(he)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特色社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)制度(du)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)、為(wei)改(gai)革(ge)開(kai)放和(he)社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)建設服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu),優(you)先發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu),大(da)力(li)推(tui)進教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)理念、體(ti)系、制度(du)、內容、方(fang)法、治理現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua),著(zhu)力(li)提(ti)高(gao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)質量,促進教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)公平,優(you)化(hua)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)結構,為(wei)決(jue)勝全(quan)面建成(cheng)小(xiao)康社(she)會、實現(xian)(xian)新時代(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特色社(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的奮斗目標提(ti)供(gong)有力(li)支撐。
《中國(guo)教育現(xian)代化2035》提出了(le)推進教育現(xian)代化的(de)八大基(ji)(ji)本(ben)理念(nian):更(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)以德為先(xian)(xian),更(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)全面發(fa)展,更(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)面向人(ren)人(ren),更(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)終身學習,更(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)因材施教,更(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)知行合(he)一,更(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)融合(he)發(fa)展,更(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)共建(jian)共享。明確了(le)推進教育現(xian)代化的(de)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)原(yuan)則:堅持(chi)(chi)黨的(de)領導、堅持(chi)(chi)中國(guo)特色、堅持(chi)(chi)優先(xian)(xian)發(fa)展、堅持(chi)(chi)服務人(ren)民(min)、堅持(chi)(chi)改革(ge)創新、堅持(chi)(chi)依法治教、堅持(chi)(chi)統籌推進。
《中(zhong)國(guo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)2035》提出,推(tui)進教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)的(de)總(zong)體(ti)目(mu)標(biao)是(shi):到(dao)(dao)2020年,全面(mian)(mian)實現(xian)“十三五”發展(zhan)目(mu)標(biao),教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)總(zong)體(ti)實力和國(guo)際影(ying)響力顯(xian)著(zhu)增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang),勞動(dong)年齡人(ren)口(kou)平均(jun)受教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)年限明(ming)顯(xian)增(zeng)加,教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)取得重(zhong)要(yao)進展(zhan),為全面(mian)(mian)建成小康社會作出重(zhong)要(yao)貢(gong)獻。在此基礎(chu)上,再經過15年努力,到(dao)(dao)2035年,總(zong)體(ti)實現(xian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua),邁入教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)行列,推(tui)動(dong)我(wo)國(guo)成為學(xue)習大國(guo)、人(ren)力資(zi)源強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)和人(ren)才強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo),為到(dao)(dao)本世(shi)紀中(zhong)葉(xie)建成富強(qiang)(qiang)民主(zhu)文(wen)明(ming)和諧(xie)美麗(li)的(de)社會主(zhu)義現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)奠定堅實基礎(chu)。2035年主(zhu)要(yao)發展(zhan)目(mu)標(biao)是(shi):建成服務(wu)全民終身學(xue)習的(de)現(xian)代(dai)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)體(ti)系、普(pu)及(ji)有質量的(de)學(xue)前教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)、實現(xian)優質均(jun)衡的(de)義務(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)、全面(mian)(mian)普(pu)及(ji)高中(zhong)階段教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)、職(zhi)業教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)服務(wu)能力顯(xian)著(zhu)提升、高等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)競(jing)爭(zheng)力明(ming)顯(xian)提升、殘疾兒(er)童少(shao)年享有適(shi)合的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)、形(xing)成全社會共(gong)同參與(yu)的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)治理新格局。
《中國教育現代化2035》聚焦教育發展的(de)突出(chu)問題和薄(bo)弱環(huan)節,立足當前,著眼長遠,重點部署了面向教育現代化的(de)十大戰略任(ren)務(wu):
一是(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習習近平(ping)新(xin)時代(dai)(dai)(dai)中(zhong)國特(te)(te)色(se)(se)(se)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。把學(xue)(xue)(xue)習貫(guan)徹習近平(ping)新(xin)時代(dai)(dai)(dai)中(zhong)國特(te)(te)色(se)(se)(se)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)作為首(shou)要任務(wu),貫(guan)穿到(dao)教育(yu)改革發展(zhan)全過(guo)程,落實到(dao)教育(yu)現代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)各領域各環節。以習近平(ping)新(xin)時代(dai)(dai)(dai)中(zhong)國特(te)(te)色(se)(se)(se)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)武裝教育(yu)戰線,推(tui)動習近平(ping)新(xin)時代(dai)(dai)(dai)中(zhong)國特(te)(te)色(se)(se)(se)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)進(jin)教材進(jin)課堂進(jin)頭(tou)腦(nao),將習近平(ping)新(xin)時代(dai)(dai)(dai)中(zhong)國特(te)(te)色(se)(se)(se)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)融入中(zhong)小學(xue)(xue)(xue)教育(yu),加強高等學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)政治教育(yu)。加強習近平(ping)新(xin)時代(dai)(dai)(dai)中(zhong)國特(te)(te)色(se)(se)(se)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)系統化(hua)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)理化(hua)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)科化(hua)研究闡釋,健全習近平(ping)新(xin)時代(dai)(dai)(dai)中(zhong)國特(te)(te)色(se)(se)(se)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)研究成果傳播機制(zhi)。
二是發展(zhan)(zhan)中國特色世(shi)(shi)界先進水(shui)平的優質(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育。全面(mian)落(luo)實(shi)立(li)德樹(shu)人根本任務,廣泛開展(zhan)(zhan)理想信念教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育,厚植愛國主義情懷(huai),加強(qiang)品德修養(yang)(yang),增長知識(shi)(shi)見(jian)識(shi)(shi),培養(yang)(yang)奮斗精(jing)(jing)(jing)神(shen),不斷(duan)提高學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)思想水(shui)平、政治(zhi)覺悟、道(dao)德品質(zhi)(zhi)、文化(hua)素(su)養(yang)(yang)。增強(qiang)綜合(he)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi),樹(shu)立(li)健(jian)康第(di)一的教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育理念,全面(mian)強(qiang)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)體育工作(zuo),全面(mian)加強(qiang)和改(gai)進學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)美育,弘揚(yang)勞動(dong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)神(shen),強(qiang)化(hua)實(shi)踐動(dong)手能(neng)力(li)、合(he)作(zuo)能(neng)力(li)、創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新能(neng)力(li)的培養(yang)(yang)。完善(shan)(shan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體系(xi),制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)覆蓋(gai)全學(xue)(xue)(xue)段、體現世(shi)(shi)界先進水(shui)平、符合(he)不同層次類(lei)型教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育特點的教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun),明確學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)發展(zhan)(zhan)核(he)心素(su)養(yang)(yang)要求。完善(shan)(shan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)前教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育保教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。建(jian)立(li)健(jian)全中小學(xue)(xue)(xue)各學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)業(ye)(ye)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和體質(zhi)(zhi)健(jian)康標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。健(jian)全職業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育人才(cai)培養(yang)(yang)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun),制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)緊(jin)跟時(shi)代(dai)(dai)發展(zhan)(zhan)的多樣化(hua)高等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育人才(cai)培養(yang)(yang)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。建(jian)立(li)以(yi)(yi)師資配備(bei)、生(sheng)均撥款(kuan)、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)設(she)施設(she)備(bei)等資源要素(su)為核(he)心的標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體系(xi)和辦學(xue)(xue)(xue)條件標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)動(dong)態調(diao)整(zheng)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。加強(qiang)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材(cai)體系(xi)建(jian)設(she),科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)規劃大中小學(xue)(xue)(xue)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng),分(fen)(fen)類(lei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun),充分(fen)(fen)利用現代(dai)(dai)信息技術,豐(feng)富并創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新課(ke)(ke)程(cheng)形式(shi)。健(jian)全國家教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材(cai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du),統(tong)籌為主、統(tong)分(fen)(fen)結(jie)合(he)、分(fen)(fen)類(lei)指導,增強(qiang)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材(cai)的思想性(xing)(xing)、科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)、民族性(xing)(xing)、時(shi)代(dai)(dai)性(xing)(xing)、系(xi)統(tong)性(xing)(xing),完善(shan)(shan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)材(cai)編寫、修訂、審查、選用、退(tui)出(chu)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新人才(cai)培養(yang)(yang)方式(shi),推行啟發式(shi)、探究式(shi)、參與(yu)(yu)式(shi)、合(he)作(zuo)式(shi)等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)方式(shi)以(yi)(yi)及走班(ban)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、選課(ke)(ke)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)組(zu)織(zhi)模式(shi),培養(yang)(yang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新精(jing)(jing)(jing)神(shen)與(yu)(yu)實(shi)踐能(neng)力(li)。大力(li)推進校(xiao)(xiao)園文化(hua)建(jian)設(she)。重視家庭教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育和社(she)會(hui)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育。構(gou)建(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)評估監測機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),建(jian)立(li)更(geng)加科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)公正(zheng)的考試評價制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du),建(jian)立(li)全過程(cheng)、全方位人才(cai)培養(yang)(yang)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)反饋監控體系(xi)。
三是推(tui)動各級(ji)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)高(gao)水(shui)平高(gao)質量普(pu)及(ji)。以農(nong)村為(wei)(wei)重點提升學前教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)普(pu)及(ji)水(shui)平,建(jian)立更為(wei)(wei)完善的學前教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)管理體制(zhi)、辦(ban)園體制(zhi)和投(tou)入體制(zhi),大力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)公辦(ban)園,加快(kuai)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)普(pu)惠(hui)性民(min)辦(ban)幼兒園。提升義務教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鞏(gong)固水(shui)平,健全控(kong)輟保(bao)學工作責任(ren)體系(xi)。提升高(gao)中(zhong)階(jie)段教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)普(pu)及(ji)水(shui)平,推(tui)進中(zhong)等職(zhi)業(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和普(pu)通(tong)高(gao)中(zhong)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)協(xie)調發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),鼓勵普(pu)通(tong)高(gao)中(zhong)多樣化有特色發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。振興中(zhong)西部地區高(gao)等教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。提升民(min)族教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)水(shui)平。
四(si)是(shi)實現基(ji)(ji)本(ben)公共教(jiao)育服務均等化(hua)。提升義(yi)務教(jiao)育均等化(hua)水(shui)平(ping),建立學校標(biao)準化(hua)建設長效(xiao)機制,推(tui)(tui)進城鄉義(yi)務教(jiao)育均衡發展。在實現縣域內義(yi)務教(jiao)育基(ji)(ji)本(ben)均衡基(ji)(ji)礎上(shang),進一步推(tui)(tui)進優(you)質(zhi)均衡。推(tui)(tui)進隨遷子女入學待遇同城化(hua),有序擴大城鎮學位供(gong)給。完(wan)善流(liu)動人口(kou)子女異(yi)地(di)升學考試制度。實現困難群(qun)體幫扶(fu)精(jing)準化(hua),健(jian)全家庭(ting)經(jing)濟困難學生資(zi)助體系,推(tui)(tui)進教(jiao)育精(jing)準脫(tuo)貧。辦好特殊教(jiao)育,推(tui)(tui)進適(shi)齡殘(can)疾兒童少年(nian)教(jiao)育全覆蓋,全面推(tui)(tui)進融合(he)教(jiao)育,促進醫(yi)教(jiao)結合(he)。
五是構建(jian)服(fu)務全(quan)民的(de)終身(shen)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)體(ti)系。構建(jian)更加(jia)開放(fang)暢通(tong)的(de)人才成(cheng)長(chang)通(tong)道(dao)(dao),完(wan)善招生入(ru)學(xue)(xue)、彈(dan)性學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)及繼續教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du),暢通(tong)轉換渠道(dao)(dao)。建(jian)立(li)全(quan)民終身(shen)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)環境(jing),建(jian)立(li)國(guo)家資歷框架,建(jian)立(li)跨部門跨行業(ye)的(de)工(gong)作機制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)專業(ye)化支持(chi)體(ti)系。建(jian)立(li)健全(quan)國(guo)家學(xue)(xue)分銀行制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)和(he)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)成(cheng)果(guo)認(ren)證制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。強化職業(ye)學(xue)(xue)校和(he)高等學(xue)(xue)校的(de)繼續教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)與(yu)社(she)會培訓(xun)服(fu)務功能,開展(zhan)多類(lei)型多形式(shi)的(de)職工(gong)繼續教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)。擴大社(she)區教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)資源供給(gei),加(jia)快發展(zhan)城鄉社(she)區老年教(jiao)育(yu)(yu),推動各類(lei)學(xue)(xue)習(xi)(xi)型組織建(jian)設。
六是提升(sheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)流人才培(pei)養與(yu)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)力。分(fen)類(lei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)一(yi)(yi)(yi)批(pi)世界一(yi)(yi)(yi)流高(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立完善的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)分(fen)類(lei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)政策體系,引(yin)(yin)導高(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)定位、特(te)色發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。持續推動(dong)地(di)方本科(ke)(ke)高(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)轉型發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。加(jia)快發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)現代職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)教育(yu),不(bu)斷優(you)化職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)教育(yu)結(jie)構與(yu)布局。推動(dong)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)教育(yu)與(yu)產業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)有機銜接、深度融合(he),集中(zhong)力量建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成一(yi)(yi)(yi)批(pi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特(te)色高(gao)(gao)(gao)水平職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)院校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)和專業(ye)。優(you)化人才培(pei)養結(jie)構,綜合(he)運用招生計(ji)劃、就業(ye)反(fan)饋、撥款、標準、評估等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方式,引(yin)(yin)導高(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)和職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)及時(shi)調整(zheng)學(xue)科(ke)(ke)專業(ye)結(jie)構。加(jia)強(qiang)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)人才特(te)別(bie)是拔尖創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)人才的(de)培(pei)養,加(jia)大應用型、復合(he)型、技(ji)術技(ji)能(neng)(neng)型人才培(pei)養比重(zhong)。加(jia)強(qiang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)體系建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)一(yi)(yi)(yi)批(pi)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)流的(de)國(guo)(guo)家科(ke)(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)基地(di),加(jia)強(qiang)應用基礎(chu)研(yan)究,全(quan)面提升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)原(yuan)始(shi)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)力。探索構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)產學(xue)研(yan)用深度融合(he)的(de)全(quan)鏈條(tiao)、網絡化、開放式協同創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)聯盟(meng)。提高(gao)(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)哲學(xue)社會科(ke)(ke)學(xue)研(yan)究水平,加(jia)強(qiang)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特(te)色新(xin)(xin)(xin)型智庫建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)。健(jian)全(quan)有利于激(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)活力和促進(jin)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)成果轉化的(de)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)體制。
七是建設高(gao)素(su)(su)質(zhi)(zhi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)化創新型教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隊伍(wu)。大力加強師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)德(de)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)風(feng)建設,將師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)德(de)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)風(feng)作為評(ping)價(jia)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)素(su)(su)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第一標(biao)準,推(tui)動(dong)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)德(de)建設長(chang)效化、制度(du)(du)化。加大教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)職(zhi)工(gong)統籌配(pei)置和(he)(he)跨區(qu)域(yu)調整力度(du)(du),切實(shi)解決教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結構性、階段性、區(qu)域(yu)性短(duan)缺問(wen)題。完(wan)善教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)資格體系和(he)(he)準入(ru)制度(du)(du)。健(jian)全教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)職(zhi)稱、崗位和(he)(he)考核評(ping)價(jia)制度(du)(du)。培養(yang)高(gao)素(su)(su)質(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)隊伍(wu),健(jian)全以師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)院校為主體、高(gao)水平非師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)院校參與、優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)中小(xiao)學(xue)(幼(you)兒園)為實(shi)踐基地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開放、協同、聯動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中國特(te)色(se)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育體系。強化職(zhi)前教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)培養(yang)和(he)(he)職(zhi)后教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有機銜接。夯(hang)實(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)體系,推(tui)動(dong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)終身(shen)學(xue)習和(he)(he)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)自主發展(zhan)。提(ti)高(gao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)社(she)會地(di)位,完(wan)善教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)待遇保障制度(du)(du),健(jian)全中小(xiao)學(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)資長(chang)效聯動(dong)機制,全面落實(shi)集中連片特(te)困(kun)地(di)區(qu)生活補助政策。加大教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)表彰力度(du)(du),努(nu)力提(ti)高(gao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政治地(di)位、社(she)會地(di)位、職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)地(di)位。
八是加快信(xin)息化(hua)(hua)時代(dai)教育(yu)變(bian)革。建設智能(neng)化(hua)(hua)校園,統籌建設一體(ti)化(hua)(hua)智能(neng)化(hua)(hua)教學、管理(li)與(yu)服(fu)務平臺。利用現代(dai)技(ji)術(shu)加快推(tui)(tui)動人才培(pei)養模(mo)式(shi)改革,實現規模(mo)化(hua)(hua)教育(yu)與(yu)個性化(hua)(hua)培(pei)養的(de)(de)有機(ji)(ji)(ji)結合。創新教育(yu)服(fu)務業態,建立數字教育(yu)資源共(gong)建共(gong)享機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi),完(wan)善利益(yi)分配機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)、知識產(chan)權保護制(zhi)度(du)(du)和新型教育(yu)服(fu)務監管制(zhi)度(du)(du)。推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)教育(yu)治理(li)方式(shi)變(bian)革,加快形(xing)成現代(dai)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)教育(yu)管理(li)與(yu)監測體(ti)系,推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)管理(li)精準化(hua)(hua)和決策(ce)科學化(hua)(hua)。
九(jiu)是開(kai)創教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)對外開(kai)放新(xin)格局(ju)。全(quan)(quan)面(mian)提升國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)交流(liu)(liu)合(he)作水平,推動我國(guo)(guo)(guo)同(tong)其他國(guo)(guo)(guo)家學歷學位互認、標準(zhun)互通、經驗(yan)互鑒(jian)。扎實推進(jin)(jin)“一帶一路”教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)行動。加強與(yu)聯合(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)科文組織(zhi)(zhi)等國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)組織(zhi)(zhi)和多邊(bian)組織(zhi)(zhi)的合(he)作。提升中(zhong)(zhong)外合(he)作辦學質量。優化出(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)留學服務。實施留學中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)計(ji)劃,建(jian)(jian)立(li)并完(wan)善來(lai)(lai)華留學教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)質量保障(zhang)機(ji)制(zhi),全(quan)(quan)面(mian)提升來(lai)(lai)華留學質量。推進(jin)(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)外高級別人(ren)文交流(liu)(liu)機(ji)制(zhi)建(jian)(jian)設(she),拓展(zhan)人(ren)文交流(liu)(liu)領域,促(cu)進(jin)(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)外民心(xin)相通和文明交流(liu)(liu)互鑒(jian)。促(cu)進(jin)(jin)孔(kong)子學院和孔(kong)子課堂(tang)特色發展(zhan)。加快建(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特色海外國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)學校(xiao)。鼓勵有條件的職業院校(xiao)在海外建(jian)(jian)設(she)“魯班工(gong)坊”。積(ji)極參(can)(can)與(yu)全(quan)(quan)球教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)治(zhi)理,深度參(can)(can)與(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)規則、標準(zhun)、評價體系的研究制(zhi)定。推進(jin)(jin)與(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)組織(zhi)(zhi)及專業機(ji)構的教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)交流(liu)(liu)合(he)作。健全(quan)(quan)對外教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)援助(zhu)機(ji)制(zhi)。
十是推進教育(yu)(yu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)體系和治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)能力現代化(hua)(hua)。提高教育(yu)(yu)法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)水(shui)平(ping),構建完(wan)備的(de)教育(yu)(yu)法(fa)律(lv)(lv)法(fa)規體系,健(jian)(jian)全(quan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校辦學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)法(fa)律(lv)(lv)支持體系。健(jian)(jian)全(quan)教育(yu)(yu)法(fa)律(lv)(lv)實施和監管(guan)機制(zhi)。提升政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)管(guan)理(li)服務(wu)水(shui)平(ping),提升政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)綜合運用法(fa)律(lv)(lv)、標準、信(xin)息服務(wu)等現代治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)手段(duan)的(de)能力和水(shui)平(ping)。健(jian)(jian)全(quan)教育(yu)(yu)督(du)(du)導(dao)體制(zhi)機制(zhi),提高教育(yu)(yu)督(du)(du)導(dao)的(de)權威性(xing)和實效(xiao)性(xing)。提高學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校自主管(guan)理(li)能力,完(wan)善學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)結構,繼續加強高等學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校章程建設。鼓勵民辦學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校按照非(fei)營利性(xing)和營利性(xing)兩種組織屬性(xing)開展現代學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校制(zhi)度改革(ge)創(chuang)新。推動(dong)社(she)會(hui)參與教育(yu)(yu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)常態(tai)化(hua)(hua),建立健(jian)(jian)全(quan)社(she)會(hui)參與學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校管(guan)理(li)和教育(yu)(yu)評價監管(guan)機制(zhi)。
《中國(guo)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)2035》明確(que)了實現(xian)(xian)(xian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)實施(shi)路徑:一(yi)是(shi)總體(ti)規(gui)劃(hua),分區(qu)(qu)推進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。在國(guo)家教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)總體(ti)規(gui)劃(hua)框架下,推動各(ge)地(di)從實際(ji)出(chu)發,制(zhi)定本地(di)區(qu)(qu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)規(gui)劃(hua),形(xing)成一(yi)地(di)一(yi)案、分區(qu)(qu)推進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)生動局面。二(er)是(shi)細化(hua)(hua)(hua)目標,分步(bu)(bu)推進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。科(ke)學設計和(he)(he)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)細化(hua)(hua)(hua)不(bu)(bu)同發展(zhan)(zhan)階段、不(bu)(bu)同規(gui)劃(hua)周期(qi)內的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)發展(zhan)(zhan)目標和(he)(he)重(zhong)點任(ren)務(wu),有計劃(hua)有步(bu)(bu)驟地(di)推進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。三是(shi)精(jing)準施(shi)策(ce),統籌推進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。完善區(qu)(qu)域(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)發展(zhan)(zhan)協(xie)作(zuo)機(ji)制(zhi)和(he)(he)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)對口支援(yuan)機(ji)制(zhi),深(shen)入實施(shi)東西部(bu)協(xie)作(zuo),推動不(bu)(bu)同地(di)區(qu)(qu)協(xie)同推進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)建設。四是(shi)改革先行,系統推進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。充(chong)(chong)分發揮基(ji)層特別是(shi)各(ge)級各(ge)類學校(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)積極性和(he)(he)創(chuang)造性,鼓勵大膽探索(suo)、積極改革創(chuang)新,形(xing)成充(chong)(chong)滿活(huo)力(li)、富有效率、更加開放、有利(li)于高(gao)質量發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)體(ti)制(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)。
為確保教(jiao)育現(xian)代化(hua)目標任務的(de)實現(xian),《中國教(jiao)育現(xian)代化(hua)2035》明確了三個方面的(de)保障措施:
一(yi)是加(jia)強黨(dang)對教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)工作的(de)全面領(ling)(ling)導(dao)。各級(ji)黨(dang)委(wei)要把教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)改革發展納入議事日程,協調動員(yuan)各方面力(li)量(liang)共(gong)同推進(jin)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)現代化(hua)。建立健全黨(dang)委(wei)統一(yi)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)、黨(dang)政齊抓共(gong)管、部門各負(fu)其責的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)體(ti)制(zhi)。建設(she)高(gao)素(su)質專業(ye)化(hua)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)系統干(gan)部隊(dui)伍。加(jia)強各級(ji)各類學校黨(dang)的(de)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)和黨(dang)的(de)建設(she)工作。深入推進(jin)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)系統全面從嚴治黨(dang)、黨(dang)風廉政建設(she)和反腐(fu)敗斗(dou)爭。
二是完(wan)善(shan)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)現代化(hua)投入支(zhi)撐體(ti)制。健(jian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)保證(zheng)財政(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)投入持(chi)續(xu)穩定(ding)增長的(de)(de)(de)長效機制,確保財政(zheng)一般公(gong)共(gong)預算教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)支(zhi)出(chu)(chu)逐年只增不減,確保按(an)在校學生人數平均的(de)(de)(de)一般公(gong)共(gong)預算教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)支(zhi)出(chu)(chu)逐年只增不減,保證(zheng)國家(jia)財政(zheng)性教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)經費支(zhi)出(chu)(chu)占國內(nei)生產總(zong)值的(de)(de)(de)比例一般不低于4%。依法落實(shi)各級政(zheng)府教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)支(zhi)出(chu)(chu)責任,完(wan)善(shan)多(duo)渠道教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)經費籌措體(ti)制,完(wan)善(shan)國家(jia)、社會和受教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)者(zhe)合理分擔非(fei)義(yi)務教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)培養(yang)成本的(de)(de)(de)機制,支(zhi)持(chi)和規范(fan)社會力量興辦(ban)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)。優(you)化(hua)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)經費使(shi)(shi)用(yong)結構,全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)實(shi)施績效管理,建立健(jian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)覆蓋全(quan)(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)全(quan)(quan)(quan)方位的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)經費監管體(ti)系,全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)提(ti)高經費使(shi)(shi)用(yong)效益。
三是完善落實機(ji)(ji)制。建(jian)立(li)(li)協(xie)同規劃(hua)機(ji)(ji)制、健全(quan)跨部門統(tong)籌協(xie)調機(ji)(ji)制,建(jian)立(li)(li)教(jiao)育(yu)發(fa)展監(jian)測評價機(ji)(ji)制和督導(dao)問責機(ji)(ji)制,全(quan)方位協(xie)同推進教(jiao)育(yu)現(xian)代化,形(xing)成(cheng)全(quan)社會關(guan)心、支持和主(zhu)動參(can)與教(jiao)育(yu)現(xian)代化建(jian)設的良(liang)好氛(fen)圍。
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